FHRP(First Hot Routing Protocol, HSRP, VRRP, GLBP)
Network

FHRP(First Hot Routing Protocol, HSRP, VRRP, GLBP)

1. FHRP(First Hot Routing Protocol)

๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ Gateway ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ผ์šฐํ„ฐ ํ˜น์€ L3 ์Šค์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์ด์ค‘ํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ Master/Active, Backup/Standby ์„ค์ •

Backup/Standby ์žฅ๋น„๋Š” Master/Active ์žฅ๋น„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ Master/Active ์žฅ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ Master/Active๋ฅผ ๋บ์–ด์™€ Gateway ์—ญํ•  ์ˆ˜ํ–‰

2. VRRP(Virtual Redundancy Routing Protocol)

ํ‘œ์ค€ ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ(Multi Vendor ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ)

Master ์žฅ๋น„๋Š” ARP ํŒจํ‚ท์˜ Virtual MAC์„ ๋„ฃ์–ด ์‘๋‹ต

Master์™€ Backup ์žฅ๋น„๋ผ๋ฆฌ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๋‹ด๊ธด Advertisement(1์ดˆ)๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด Health Check

Virtual IP๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์‹ค์ œ IP ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ

Group ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ : 0~255

Virtual MAC ํฌ๋งท : 0000.5e00.01NN(NN์€ Group ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ, Group ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘๋ณต๋  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฃจํ•‘์ด ์ƒ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ)

Load Balancing ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ

 

์„ ์ถœ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

1. Priority ๊ฐ’์ด ๋†’์€ ์žฅ๋น„

2. IP ์ฃผ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ํฐ ์žฅ๋น„

 

์„ค์ • ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

R1(config)#interface vlan 100
R1(config-if)#ip address 10.0.0.2 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#vrrp 1 ip 10.0.0.1 #VIP, VIP ์—†์ด ์„ค์ •ํ•ด๋„ ๋จ
R1(config-if)#vrrp 1 priority 105 #๊ธฐ๋ณธ๊ฐ’ 100
R1(config-if)#vrrp 1 preempt delay minimum 60 #Master ์žฅ๋น„์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋œ ํ›„ Master๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์คŒ, ์žฅ๋น„๊ฐ€ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋˜๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ 60์ดˆ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆผ

R1(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#interface vlan 100
R2(config-if)#ip address 10.0.0.3 255.255.255.0

R2(config-if)#vrrp 1 ip 10.0.0.1 #VIP, VIP ์—†์ด ์„ค์ •ํ•ด๋„ ๋จ
R2(config-if)#vrrp 1 preempt delay minimum 60 #Master ์žฅ๋น„์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋œ ํ›„ Master๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์คŒ, ์žฅ๋น„๊ฐ€ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋˜๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ 60์ดˆ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆผ 

R2(config-if)#exit
R1#show vrrp brief

Interface  Grp  Pri  Time  Own  Pre  State   Master addr   Group addr
Vl100      1    105             Y    Master  10.0.0.2      10.0.0.1
R2#show vrrp brief

Interface  Grp  Pri  Time  Own  Pre  State   Master addr   Group addr
Vl100      1    100             Y    Backup  10.0.0.2      10.0.0.1
R#show vrrp

# VRRP์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ์„ธํ•œ ์ •๋ณด ํ™•์ธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ
 

First Hop Redundancy Protocols Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Release 3S - Configuring VRRP [Cisco IOS XE 3S]

First Hop Redundancy Protocols Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Release 3S -Configuring VRRP

www.cisco.com

 

3. HSRP(Hot Standby Routing Protocol)

Cisco ์ „์šฉ ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ

Active ์žฅ๋น„๋Š” ARP ํŒจํ‚ท์˜ Virtual MAC๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์–ด ์‘๋‹ต

Active ์™€ Standby ์žฅ๋น„๋ผ๋ฆฌ Hello ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€(3์ดˆ)๋ฅผ ๋‚ ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ Health Check

Load Balancing ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ

๋ฒ„์ „1

- Group ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ : 0~255

- Virtual MAC ํฌ๋งท  : 0000.0c07.acNN(NN์€ Group ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ, Group ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘๋ณต๋  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฃจํ•‘์ด ์ƒ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ)

๋ฒ„์ „2

- Group ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ : 0~4095 

- Virtual MAC ํฌ๋งท : 0000.0c9f.fNNN(NNN์€ Group ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ, Group ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘๋ณต๋  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฃจํ•‘์ด ์ƒ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ)

๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฒ„์ „๋ผ๋ฆฌ ํ˜ธํ™˜๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ณ„๋กœ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฒ„์ „์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ

 

์„ ์ถœ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

1. Priority ๊ฐ’์ด ๋†’์€ ์žฅ๋น„

2. IP ์ฃผ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ํฐ ์žฅ๋น„

 

์„ค์ • ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

R1(config)#interface vlan 100
R1(config-if)#ip address 10.0.0.2 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#standby 1 ip 10.0.0.1 #VIP
R1(config-if)#standby 1 priority 105 #๊ธฐ๋ณธ๊ฐ’ 100
R1(config-if)#standby 1 preempt #Active ์žฅ๋น„์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋œ ํ›„ Active๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์คŒ, ์žฅ๋น„๊ฐ€ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋˜๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ 60์ดˆ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆผ

R1(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#interface vlan 100
R1(config-if)#ip address 10.0.0.3 255.255.255.0

R2(config-if)#standby 1 ip 10.0.0.1 #VIP
R2(config-if)#standby 1 preempt #Active ์žฅ๋น„์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋œ ํ›„ Active๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์คŒ, ์žฅ๋น„๊ฐ€ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋˜๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ 60์ดˆ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆผ 

R2(config-if)#exit
R1#show standby brief

# P indicates configured to preempt
Interface  Grp  Prio  P  State   Active  Standby IP   Virtual IP
Vl100      1    105   P  Active  Local   10.0.0.2     10.0.0.1
R2#show standby brief

# P indicates configured to preempt
Interface  Grp  Prio  P  State   Active  Standby IP   Virtual IP
Vl100      1    100   P  Standby Local   10.0.0.3     10.0.0.1
R#show standby

# HSRP์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ์„ธํ•œ ์ •๋ณด ํ™•์ธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ
 

First Hop Redundancy Protocols Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Release 3S - Configuring HSRP [Cisco IOS XE 3S]

First Hop Redundancy Protocols Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Release 3S -Configuring HSRP

www.cisco.com

 

4. GLBP(Gateway Load Balancing Protocol)

Cisco ์ „์šฉ ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ

HSRP์™€ ๋™์ผํ•˜๋ฉฐ Load Balancing ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ

ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ Virtual IP, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐœ(์ตœ๋Œ€ 4๊ฐœ)์˜ Virtual MAC(GLBP ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์žฅ๋น„๋Š” ๋™์ผํ•œ Virtual IP, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ Virtual MAC๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง)

- AVG(Active Vritual Gateway) : ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ์žฅ๋น„

- SVG(Standby Virtual Gateway) : AVG ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ์žฅ๋น„

- AVF(Active Vritual Forwarder) : Virtual MAC์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ์žฅ๋น„

Virtual MAC ํฌ๋งท : 0007. b400. XXYY(X๋Š” Group ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ, Y๋Š” AVF ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ)

Load Balancing ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

- Round Robin(Default) : AVF์— ์ˆœ์ฐจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ท ๋“ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ํ• ๋‹น

- Weighted : AVF๋งˆ๋‹ค ์„ค์ •๋œ ๋น„์œจ๋กœ ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ํ• ๋‹น[Ra% = Wa/(Wa+Wb+Wc+Wd)]

- Host-Dependent : ๋™์ผํ•œ ํ˜ธ์ŠคํŠธ์— ๋™์ผํ•œ AVF๋กœ ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ํ• ๋‹น

 

์„ ์ถœ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

1. Priority ๊ฐ’์ด ๋†’์€ ์žฅ๋น„

2. IP ์ฃผ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ํฐ ์žฅ๋น„

 

์„ค์ • ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

R1(config)#interface vlan 100
R1(config-if)#ip address 10.0.0.2 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#glbp 1 ip 10.0.0.1 #VIP
R1(config-if)#glbp 1 load-balancing round-robin #load balancing ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

R1(config-if)#glbp 1 priority 105 #๊ธฐ๋ณธ๊ฐ’ 100
R1(config-if)#glbp 1 preempt #Active ์žฅ๋น„์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋œ ํ›„ Active๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์คŒ, ์žฅ๋น„๊ฐ€ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋˜๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ 60์ดˆ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆผ

R1(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#interface vlan 100
R2(config-if)#ip address 10.0.0.3 255.255.255.0

R2(config-if)#glbp 1 ip 10.0.0.1 #VIP
R2(config-if)#glbp 1 load-balancing round-robin#load balancing ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

R2(config-if)#glbp 1 priority 110 #๊ธฐ๋ณธ๊ฐ’ 100
R2(config-if)#glbp 1 preempt #Active ์žฅ๋น„์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋œ ํ›„ Active๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์คŒ, ์žฅ๋น„๊ฐ€ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋˜๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ 60์ดˆ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆผ

R2(config-if)#exit
R3(config)#interface vlan 100
R3(config-if)#ip address 10.0.0.4 255.255.255.0

R3(config-if)#glbp 1 ip 10.0.0.1 #VIP
R3(config-if)#glbp 1 load-balancing round-robin #load balancing ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

R3(config-if)#glbp 1 preempt #Active ์žฅ๋น„์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋œ ํ›„ Active๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์คŒ, ์žฅ๋น„๊ฐ€ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋˜๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ 60์ดˆ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆผ

R3(config-if)#exit
R1#show standby brief

Interface  Grp  Fwd  Prio  State    Addreses        Active router   Standby router
Vl100      1    -    110   Active   10.0.0.1        local           10.0.0.3
Vl100      1    1    -     Active   0007.b400.0a01  local           -
Vl100      1    2    -     Listen   0007.b400.0a02  10.0.0.3        -
Vl100      1    3    -     Listen   0007.b400.0a03  10.0.0.4        -
R2#show standby brief

Interface  Grp  Fwd  Prio  State    Addreses        Active router   Standby router
Vl100      1    -    105   Standby  10.0.0.1        10.0.0.2        local
Vl100      1    1    -     Listen   0007.b400.0a01  10.0.0.2        -
Vl100      1    2    -     Active   0007.b400.0a02  local           -
Vl100      1    3    -     Listen   0007.b400.0a03  10.0.0.4        -
R3#show standby brief

Interface  Grp  Fwd  Prio  State    Addreses        Active router   Standby router
Vl100      1    -    100   Listen   10.0.0.1        10.0.0.2        10.0.0.3
Vl100      1    1    -     Listen   0007.b400.0a01  10.0.0.2        -
Vl100      1    2    -     Listen   0007.b400.0a02  10.0.0.3        -
Vl100      1    3    -     Active   0007.b400.0a03  local           -  
R#show glbp

# GLBP ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ์„ธํ•œ ์ •๋ณด ํ™•์ธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ
 

First Hop Redundancy Protocols Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Release 3S - Configuring GLBP [Cisco IOS XE 3S]

First Hop Redundancy Protocols Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Release 3S -Configuring GLBP

www.cisco.com

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