VLAN(Virtual LAN)
Network

VLAN(Virtual LAN)

1. VLAN(Virtual LAN)

- ์Šค์œ„์น˜๋Š” MAC ์ฃผ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ(ARP) ๋ธŒ๋กœ๋“œ์บ์ŠคํŒ…์„ ํ•จ(MAC Flooding), VLAN์ด ๋‚˜๋ˆ ์ ธ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์žฅ๋น„๋“ค์€ ๋ถˆํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ธŒ๋กœ๋“œ์บ์ŠคํŒ…์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋จ, VLAN์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ  ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ์„ ์ค„์ด๋ฉด ์žฅ๋น„๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๋ถˆํ•„์š”ํ•œ ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ์ด ์ค„์–ด๋“ค์Œ >> ์žฅ๋น„๋“ค์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ

- VALN์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด VLAN๋ผ๋ฆฌ๋งŒ ํ†ต์‹ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋จ >> ์žฅ๋น„๋“ค์˜ ๋ณด์•ˆ์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ

SW1(config)#vlan 10
SW1(config-vlan)#exit

SW1(config)#interface f1/1
SW1(config-if)#switchport mode access
SW1(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10
SW1(config-if)#exit

SW1(config)#interface f1/10
SW1(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
SW1(config-if)#switchport trunk allowed vlan all
#switchport trunk allowed vlan [all|none|add vlan-list|remove vlan-list|except vlan-list]

SW1(config)#interface vlan 10
SW1(config-if)#ip address 1.1.10.1 255.255.255.0
SW1(config-if)#no shutdown
SW1(config-if)#exit

SW1(config)#interface vlan 20
SW1(config-if)#ip address 1.1.20.1 255.255.255.0
SW1(config-if)#no shutdown
SW1(config-if)#exit

 

 

Catalyst 4500 Series Switch Cisco IOS Software Configuration Guide, 12.2(25)EW - Understanding and Configuring VLANs [Cisco Cata

Understanding and Configuring VLANs

www.cisco.com

 

2. Port

- Access Port : ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์˜ VLAN์— ์†Œ์†๋œ ํฌํŠธ

SW(config-if)#switchport mode access

- Trunk Port : ๋ณต์ˆ˜ ๊ฐœ์˜ VLAN์— ์†Œ์†๋œ ํฌํŠธ

SW(config-if)#switchport mode trunk

- Dynamic Desirable Port : ์ƒ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ Access Port์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋งŒ Access Port๋กœ ๋™์ž‘, ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ Trunk Port๋กœ ๋™์ž‘

SW(config-if)#switchport mode dynamic desirable

- Dynamic Auto Port : ์ƒ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ Access๋‚˜ Dynamic Auto Port์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ Access Port๋กœ ๋™์ž‘, ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ Trunk Port๋กœ ๋™์ž‘

SW(config-if)#switchport mode dynamic auto

SW#show cdp neighbors

# neighbors์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ์„ธํ•œ ์ •๋ณด ํ™•์ธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ
SW#show vlan

# vlan ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ์„ธํ•œ ์ •๋ณด ํ™•์ธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ
SW#show interface trunk

# trunk์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ์„ธํ•œ ์ •๋ณด ํ™•์ธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ
SW#show interface status

# ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ์„ธํ•œ ์ •๋ณด ํ™•์ธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ

 

3. Trunking

- 802.1Q Trunking : ํ‘œ์ค€ Trunking ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ, ์ด๋”๋„ท ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„์— 802.1Q ํƒœ๊ทธ ์ถ”๊ฐ€

SW(config-if)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
SW(config-if)#switchport mode trunk

ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„

802.1Q ํƒœ๊ทธ(4bytes)

 

- ISL Trunking : ์‹œ์Šค์ฝ”์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ํŠธ๋ ํ‚น ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ์œผ๋กœ 802.1Q์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ™•์žฅ VLAN์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ์‹œ์Šค์ฝ”์—์„œ๋„ ์ ์ฐจ 802.1Q๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋˜๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ, ์ด๋”๋„ท ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„ ์•ž์— 26bytes์˜ ISL ํ—ค๋”์™€ ISL FCS ์ถ”๊ฐ€

SW(config-if)#switchport trunk encapsulation isl
SW(config-if)#switchport mode trunk

ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„

ISL ํ—ค๋”(26bytes)

ISL FCS(4bytes)

 

4. Native VLAN

- VLAN ํ‘œ์‹œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” VLAN

- Default Native VLAN์€ 1์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•ˆ์ „

- 802.1Q์—์„œ๋งŒ ์ง€์› ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ

SW(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
SW(config-if)#switchport mode native vlan 999

 

5. VTP

- ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์Šค์œ„์น˜์— ์„ค์ •๋œ VLAN ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์Šค์œ„์น˜(๋™์ผํ•œ ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„)์— ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ

- VLAN ์ž‘์—…์ด ์ˆ˜์›”ํ•ด์ง

- VTP Configuration Revision์„ ์นด์šดํŒ…ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ตœ์‹  ์ •๋ณด ํ™•์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธ

- Mode

Server Mode : VLAN ์ƒ์„ฑ/์‚ญ์ œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ, ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ Mode

Client Mode : VLAN ์ƒ์„ฑ/์‚ญ์ œ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ

Transparent Mode : ์ž์‹ ์˜ VLAN ์ •๋ณด ์ „์†กํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์Šค์œ„์น˜์—์„œ ๋ฐ›์€ VLAN ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ, ์ค‘๊ณ„ ์—ญํ• ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ž์‹ ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  VLAN์„ ์ƒ์„ฑ/์‚ญ์ œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ

- ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์žฅ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ VTP Configuration Revision๋ฅผ 0์œผ๋กœ ์ดˆ๊ธฐํ™”ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•จ

1. VTP ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ์„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๊ธฐ

2. Transparent Mode๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๊ธฐ

3. VLAN DB๋ฅผ ์‚ญ์ œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žฌ๋ถ€ํŒ…(config : delete vlan.dat, reload)

SW(config)#vtp domain TEST
SW#show vtp status

# VTP์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ์„ธํ•œ ์ •๋ณด ํ™•์ธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ