๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์žฅ๋น„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ
Network

๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์žฅ๋น„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ

1. Port

Interface

- ์žฅ๋น„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ASIC์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ASIC์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•จ

- ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ASIC์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ASIC ์žฅ์• ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ Port๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ฐฐํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•จ

Fortigate Firewall
Cisco Switch

 

Ethernet(LAN) Port

- LAN ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ

- ์ง€์› ์†๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 1G Port, 10G Port ๋“ฑ ์กด์žฌ

- ๋ชฉ์ ๊ณผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ UTP ์ผ€์ด๋ธ” or ๊ด‘ ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ

- IP ์ฃผ์†Œ ์„ค์ •

 

UTP ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”
๊ด‘ ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”

Serial(WAN) Port

- WAN ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ

- Router๊ฐ„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๋ฉฐ L2์˜ HDLC, PPP ๋“ฑ ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์–ด ์บก์Šํ™”

- IP ์ฃผ์†Œ ์„ค์ •

 

V.35 ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”

 

Console(MGMT) Port

- ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์žฅ๋น„ ์„ธํŒ… ๋ฐ ์šด์˜์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์žฅ๋น„์— ์ง์ ‘ ์ ‘์†

Console ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”

 

Stacking

- Stacking ์ง€์›์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์žฅ๋น„์ธ์ง€ ํ™•์ธ ํ•„์š”

- ์•„๋ž˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด Stacking Port ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ

 

2. CPU

์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ์ข… ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ

๋ผ์šฐํŒ… ๊ณ„์‚ฐ, ์žฌํ•™์Šต ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์ข… Table์ด ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธ๋  ๋•Œ, ํŒŒ์ผ์„ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ

 

ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ณ„ CPU ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฅ  ํ™•์ธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ

 router#show processes cpu
      CPU utilization for five seconds: 8%/4%; one minute: 6%; five minutes: 5% 
       PID Runtime(uS)   Invoked  uSecs    5Sec   1Min   5Min TTY Process
         1         384     32789     11   0.00%  0.00%  0.00%   0 Load Meter 
         2        2752      1179   2334   0.73%  1.06%  0.29%   0 Exec 
         3      318592      5273  60419   0.00%  0.15%  0.17%   0 Check heaps 
         4           4         1   4000   0.00%  0.00%  0.00%   0 Pool Manager 
         5        6472      6568    985   0.00%  0.00%  0.00%   0 ARP Input 
         6       10892      9461   1151   0.00%  0.00%  0.00%   0 IP Input 
         7       67388     53244   1265   0.16%  0.04%  0.02%   0 CDP Protocol 
         8      145520    166455    874   0.40%  0.29%  0.29%   0 IP Background 
         9        3356      1568   2140   0.08%  0.00%  0.00%   0 BOOTP Server 
        10          32      5469      5   0.00%  0.00%  0.00%   0 Net Background 
        11       42256    163623    258   0.16%  0.02%  0.00%   0 Per-Second Jobs 
        12      189936    163623   1160   0.00%  0.04%  0.05%   0 Net Periodic 
        13        3248      6351    511   0.00%  0.00%  0.00%   0 Net Input 
        14         168     32790      5   0.00%  0.00%  0.00%   0 Compute load avgs 
        15      152408      2731  55806   0.98%  0.12%  0.07%   0 Per-minute Jobs

 

3. Memory

ROM(Read Only Memory)

- ๋น„ํœ˜๋ฐœ์„ฑ, ์ฝ๊ธฐ ์ „์šฉ

- ๋ณต๊ตฌ์šฉ IOS ํŒŒ์ผ, POST(Power on Self Test), Bootstrap ์ €์žฅ

 

Flash

- ๋น„ํœ˜๋ฐœ์„ฑ, ์ฝ๊ธฐ/์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์ „์šฉ

- ํ™•์žฅ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ

- IOS(์šด์˜ ์ฒด์ œ) ํŒŒ์ผ ์ €์žฅ

- ์žฅ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ผœ์ง€๋ฉด IOS ํŒŒ์ผ์€ Flash์—์„œ DRAM์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™

 

NVRAM(Non-Volitile RAM)

- ๋น„ํœ˜๋ฐœ์„ฑ, ์ฝ๊ธฐ/์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์ „์šฉ

- Startup Config(Running Config ๋ฐฑ์—…), Config Register(๋ถ€ํŒ… ์˜ต์…˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ฐ’์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ถ€ํŒ… ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ) ์ €์žฅ

 

DRAM(Dynamic Random Access Memory)

- ํœ˜๋ฐœ์„ฑ(์žฅ๋น„๋ฅผ ๋Œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‚ ๋ผ๊ฐ), ์ฝ๊ธฐ/์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์ „์šฉ

- ํ™•์žฅ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ

- ํ˜„์žฌ ๋™์ž‘์ค‘์ธ ์„ค์ •์ด๋ฉฐ Running Config, ๊ฐ์ข… Table(Routing Table, ARP Table ๋“ฑ) ์ €์žฅ

- ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ฒ„ํผ ์—ญํ• 

 

๋ถ€ํŒ… ๊ณผ์ • 

โ‘  ์ „์›์„ ํ‚ค๋ฉด ROM์˜ POST๋ฅผ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ์žฅ์น˜๋“ค์˜ ์ƒํƒœ ์ง„๋‹จ(ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ณต๊ตฌ์šฉ IOS ํŒŒ์ผ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณต๊ตฌ ๋ชจ๋“œ(์•ˆ์ „ ๋ชจ๋“œ)๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋จ)

โ‘ก ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด ROM์˜ Bootstrap์„ DRAM์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ ํ›„ ์‹คํ–‰(NVRAM์˜ Config Register ์ฐธ๊ณ )

โ‘ข Bootstrap์€ Flash์˜ IOS ํŒŒ์ผ์„ DRAM์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ ํ›„ ์‹คํ–‰

โ‘ฃ NVRAM์˜ Startup Config๋ฅผ DRAM์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ ํ›„ ์‹คํ–‰(์ด ํ›„ Runnning Config๊ฐ€ ๋จ)

 

ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ณ„ ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฅ  ํ™•์ธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ

router#show processes memory
Total: 106206400, Used: 7479116, Free: 98727284 
 PID TTY  Allocated      Freed    Holding    Getbufs    Retbufs Process
   0   0      81648       1808    6577644          0          0 *Init* 
   0   0        572     123196        572          0          0 *Sched* 
   0   0   10750692    3442000       5812    2813524          0 *Dead* 
   1   0        276        276       3804          0          0 Load Meter 
   2   0        228          0       7032          0          0 CEF Scanner 
   3   0          0          0       6804          0          0 Check heaps 
   4   0      18444          0      25248          0          0 Chunk Manager 
   5   0         96          0       6900          0          0 Pool Manager 
   6   0        276        276       6804          0          0 Timers 
   7   0        276        276       6804          0          0 Serial Backgroun 
   8   0         96          0       3900          0          0 OIR Handler 
   9   0         96          0       6900          0          0 IPC Zone Manager 
  10   0          0          0       6804          0          0 IPC Periodic Tim 
  11   0      17728        484      11156          0          0 IPC Seat Manager 
  12   0        288        136       7092          0          0 ARP Input 

.... 

  90   0          0          0       6804          0          0 DHCPD Timer 
  91   0        152          0       6956          0          0 DHCPD Database 
                                  7478196 Total